Shanghai Aryl Pharmtech Co. Ltd. and Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co Ltd. have identified heterocyclic derivatives acting as Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1; TC25) inhibitors reported to be useful for the treatment of melanoma, Menkes disease, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, type 1 diabetes, Huntington’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.