Japan Tobacco Inc. has identified NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors reported to be useful for the treatment of arteriosclerosis, gout, inflammatory bowel disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH; formerly nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]), Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.