Noncoding RNAs, such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are important regulators and markers of cardiovascular diseases. Saphenous veins are frequently used in coronary artery bypass surgery, but about 50% of the saphenous vein grafts fail in the first 10 years after surgery due to neointima formation.

Recent findings have suggested glycosylated apolipoprotein J (ApoJ-Glyc) levels to be a marker for the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. Analysis of this marker was performed in a cohort of patients with chest pain suggestive of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (N=404). ApoJ-Glyc serum levels were analyzed with a novel ELISA assay that targets a specific glycosylated variant of ApoJ (ApoJ-GlycA6). It was found that 291 patients were diagnosed as having a nonischemic event, while 113 were classified as having an ischemic event, 33 as STEMI, 48 as non-STEMI, 27 as unstable angina pectoris and 5 as unclassifiable ACS patients.

LMNA gene mutations are the second most common cause of genetic dilated...

Increased expression and elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 play a role in impaired cardiac function. These MMPs make for essential targets in the treatment of heart failure, specifically heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is involved in the regulation of calcium and its hyperactivation can lead to cardiac issues, particularly with rhythm and contraction.

AMPK activation improves cardiac function in multiple ways, from regulating lipid and glucose to directly protecting cardiac cells.

Myocardial infarction, a result of uncontrolled heart disease, often results in death.