Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) is involved in the formation of tight junctions and is expressed in normal gastric mucosa, maintaining its expression during malignant transformation of the gastric epithelium. It is also aberrantly expressed in other tumor types, such as esophageal, pancreatic and lung adenocarcinoma, making it an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy.
Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TROP2), a clinically validated target in oncology, is a glycoprotein overexpressed in several solid tumors such as breast, lung, pancreatic, ovarian and prostate cancer. TROP2 antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have shown significant efficacy in a large number of cancer types but still are linked to substantial safety issues.
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is an inhibitory factor on natural killer (NK) and T cells and is expressed in several cancer types and immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. Researchers from Suzhou Neologics Bioscience Co. Ltd. have investigated CEACAM1 as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
High levels of adenosine known to stimulate tumor immunoevasion are formed by the ecto-5’-nucleotidase enzyme (CD73) conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine. CD73 is a cell surface enzyme that is overexpressed in many cancer types where this overexpression has been correlated with a poor prognosis.
Researchers from Jacobio Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd. have reported preclinical data for JAB-X1800, an immunostimulatory antibody-drug conjugate (iADC) targeting CD73. JAB-X1800 was developed using an anti-CD73 monoclonal antibody (MAb) for targeted delivery of a highly potent noncyclic dinucleotide STING agonist payload, JAB-27670.
The infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs) into the tumor microenvironment and a low ratio of effector T cells to Tregs is usually tied to tumor progression and poor prognosis. On the other hand, interleukin-2 receptor subunit α (IL-2-RA) is highly expressed on Tregs.
Differences in the immune reactions between smokers and nonsmokers may explain why only 20% of patients with lung cancer respond to immunotherapy treatment. Understanding these differences in the evolution of lung cancer between smokers and nonsmokers could be the key to unlocking new treatments.
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