Von Willebrand factor (vWF) plays a crucial role in hemostasis, and elevated levels are associated with risk of thrombosis. Gain-of-function mutations in the C-domain of vWF are linked to an increased risk of thrombosis. Previous work has shown that disrupting cysteine-rich C-domain in vWF led to reduced platelet recruitment in a shear-dependent fashion, making it a promising target for pharmacology. Apollo Therapeutics Ltd. has presented data on antibodies targeting the C-domain of vWF, including AP-21 as antithrombotics.

Beijing Gensciences Inc. has developed a FVIIIa-mimetic bispecific antibody named SS-315 for the treatment of hemophilia A. SS-315 was developed by targeting FX with its upper Fab arms and FIXa with its down-side scFv arms, respectively; the hemostatic potential of SS-315 was investigated in vitro and in vivo.