Stroke is the main neurologic cause of global morbidity and mortality with a global prevalence of more than 100 million last year. Under neuropathological conditions such as excitotoxicity associated with stroke, the pro-glycolytic enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 (PFKFB3) enhances glucose consumption which leads to redox stress and apoptotic neuronal death.

Mutations in the OTOF gene, which codes for otoferlin, are the most common cause of hearing impairments due to auditory neuropathy.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the colon with increased levels of angiogenesis.

Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) is an intracellular pro-inflammatory enzyme that is considered a therapeutic target in inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis, asthma or ulcerative colitis (UC), among others. Researchers from Palisade Bio Inc. have reported preclinical data on PALI-2108, a PDE4 inhibitor prodrug, in models of UC.

The identification of novel immunotherapeutic targets for the treatment of biliary tract cancer (BTC) is still a need. It has been reported that galectin-9 (GAL-9) is expressed in BTC and induces immunosuppressive effects, such as inducing apoptosis in T cells when binding to its receptor TIM-3.

There is increasing interest in studying exosome molecules, and particularly long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Microarray analysis was performed from samples obtained from patients with gastric cancer who underwent endoscopic resection.