Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease in which the person’s immune system destroys its own pancreatic islet cells that leads to complete loss of insulin production. Allogeneic pancreatic islet cell transplantation has been shown to replenish the vanished β-cell population and provide glycemic control, restoration of hypoglycemia awareness, and protection from severe hypoglycemic events. However, with allogeneic transplantation, there is a need for life-long immunosuppression to protect the islet grafts from allo- and autoimmunity.
Pipeline Therapeutics Inc., which received U.S. FDA approval to move into a phase Ib/IIa study of PIPE-307 in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) last year, will be advancing the oral, small-molecule muscarinic M1 receptor antagonist in collaboration with Janssen Pharmaceutica NV in an agreement that could be worth more than $1 billion.
Zeno Management Inc. researchers have prepared and tested azole compounds described as transcriptional enhancer factor (TEAD) inhibitors potentially useful for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, inflammation and cancer.
Lomond Therapeutics Inc. has prepared and tested compounds having N-arylpyrimidin-2-amine derivatives and acting as protein kinase inhibitors, particularly mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1 (MAP4K1; HPK1; MEKKK1). As such, they are reported to be useful for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, sepsis, neurodegeneration, male infertility, vascular and inflammatory disorders, cancer and viral infections.
Secreting cytokines and killing tumor cells can be stressful for a T lymphocyte. In short adverse circumstances, these cells adapt to acute stress. If the situation persists, they activate a chronic stress response mechanism. According to a study by the Institute for Biomedical Research (IRB) in Barcelona, the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 4 (CPEB4) mediated this adaptation process.
Restoring levels of the immune modulator mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) in the muscles of aged animals improved their regenerative capacity by promoting repair-associated injury responses, researchers from the University of Lisbon have discovered.
Base editing (BE), a technique that modifies a single nucleotide in living cells, has been successfully tested to resolve the CD3δ mutation in severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) and produce functional T cells. For now, scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), completed the study on patient stem cells and artificial thymic organoids, shortening the way for future clinical trials.
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