By using a statin to preferentially increase the expression of HER2 on tumor cells, researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering were able to sensitize gastric cancers to a HER2-targeted radioligand in animal models of gastric cancer. Lovastatin aided the radioligand via two distinct mechanisms. First, it increased the availability of HER2 on the cell surface, allowing greater binding. It also had radioprotective effects on normal cells, reducing the toxicity of higher doses of radiation.
Researchers at Indiana University Bloomington have developed allosteric modulators of the opioid receptor that were superior to the opioid antidote naloxone at blocking the effects of fentanyl in vitro. They presented their work in a session on “Progress towards more efficacious medicine: Antibiotics and antidotes” at the 2023 spring meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS).
Restoring levels of the immune modulator mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) in the muscles of aged animals improved their regenerative capacity by promoting repair-associated injury responses, researchers from the University of Lisbon have discovered.
Body mass index (BMI), which is calculated from height and weight, and its relationship to health is a hotly debated area of health. On the one hand, “it’s cheap, it’s intuitive, it’s noninvasive and easy to calculate,” Noa Rappaport told BioWorld. “But it misses a lot.” In the March 20, 2023, online issue of Nature Medicine, Rappaport’s group describes an alternative measure, which they have termed the biological BMI, that “better reflects metabolic health than traditional BMI,” said Rappaport, who is a senior research scientist at the Institute for Systems Biology and the paper’s corresponding author.
Gut bacteria used liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to organize themselves into condensates, which allowed them to adapt to nutrient deprivation, enabling them to colonize the gut. In experiments reported in the March 17, 2023, issue of Science, investigators showed that a mutant of the beneficial gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was “highly defective in competitiveness, in its ability to colonize the mammalian gut,” senior author Eduardo Groisman told BioWorld. “Our paper provides the first example in which [LLPS] matters in bacterial host interactions.”
By adapting computational methods for dealing with large volumes of data, and slimming down that data, researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have discovered previously unknown genetic associations with 19 rare diseases, and validated three of those associations.
By adapting computational methods for dealing with large volumes of data, and slimming down that data, researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have discovered previously unknown genetic associations with 19 rare diseases, and validated three of those associations.
The Hallmarks of Cancer are a core set of processes that are broadly deregulated in many types of cancer. Douglas Hanahan and Douglas Weinberg first introduced the concept, with six candidate hallmarks, in 2000. Since then, two additional hallmarks have been added. And the hallmarks have also been complemented by the description of enabling characteristics, which are prerequisites necessary for cells to acquire the hallmarks themselves.
Researchers have linked Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) to a loss of regenerative capacity of muscle stem cells. The findings, which were published in the March 1, 2023, issue of Science Translational Medicine, suggest that boosting the regenerative capacity of muscle stem cells could delay or perhaps even prevent the progression of DMD. DMD is “an early and horrible disease,” senior author Frederic Relaix, who is the director of a research team studying the biology of the neuromuscular system at the Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research told BioWorld.
Whether as primary tumors or metastases, brain tumors remain stubbornly intractable to the progress that has occurred in many other tumor types. As Igor Vivanco, who is a senior lecturer in the Institute of Pharmaceutical Science at King’s College London, noted in his talk at the European Society for Medical Oncology Targeted Anticancer Therapies (ESMO TAT) meeting in Paris this week, the last win in glioblastoma was the addition of temozolomide to the radiotherapy standard of care in 2005. And temozolomide’s benefit is measured in months, not years.
