Body mass index (BMI), which is calculated from height and weight, and its relationship to health is a hotly debated area of health. On the one hand, “it’s cheap, it’s intuitive, it’s noninvasive and easy to calculate,” Noa Rappaport told BioWorld. “But it misses a lot.” In the March 20, 2023, online issue of Nature Medicine, Rappaport’s group describes an alternative measure, which they have termed the biological BMI, that “better reflects metabolic health than traditional BMI,” said Rappaport, who is a senior research scientist at the Institute for Systems Biology and the paper’s corresponding author.
Gut bacteria used liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to organize themselves into condensates, which allowed them to adapt to nutrient deprivation, enabling them to colonize the gut. In experiments reported in the March 17, 2023, issue of Science, investigators showed that a mutant of the beneficial gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was “highly defective in competitiveness, in its ability to colonize the mammalian gut,” senior author Eduardo Groisman told BioWorld. “Our paper provides the first example in which [LLPS] matters in bacterial host interactions.”
By adapting computational methods for dealing with large volumes of data, and slimming down that data, researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have discovered previously unknown genetic associations with 19 rare diseases, and validated three of those associations.
By adapting computational methods for dealing with large volumes of data, and slimming down that data, researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have discovered previously unknown genetic associations with 19 rare diseases, and validated three of those associations.
The Hallmarks of Cancer are a core set of processes that are broadly deregulated in many types of cancer. Douglas Hanahan and Douglas Weinberg first introduced the concept, with six candidate hallmarks, in 2000. Since then, two additional hallmarks have been added. And the hallmarks have also been complemented by the description of enabling characteristics, which are prerequisites necessary for cells to acquire the hallmarks themselves.
Researchers have linked Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) to a loss of regenerative capacity of muscle stem cells. The findings, which were published in the March 1, 2023, issue of Science Translational Medicine, suggest that boosting the regenerative capacity of muscle stem cells could delay or perhaps even prevent the progression of DMD. DMD is “an early and horrible disease,” senior author Frederic Relaix, who is the director of a research team studying the biology of the neuromuscular system at the Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research told BioWorld.
Whether as primary tumors or metastases, brain tumors remain stubbornly intractable to the progress that has occurred in many other tumor types. As Igor Vivanco, who is a senior lecturer in the Institute of Pharmaceutical Science at King’s College London, noted in his talk at the European Society for Medical Oncology Targeted Anticancer Therapies (ESMO TAT) meeting in Paris this week, the last win in glioblastoma was the addition of temozolomide to the radiotherapy standard of care in 2005. And temozolomide’s benefit is measured in months, not years.
Treatment with a cell-penetrating peptide that prevented nuclear export of unprocessed C9ORF72 RNA and its subsequent translation into neurotoxic dipeptide repeat proteins reduced motor neuron damage and death both in fruit fly models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and in patient-derived induced neuronal precursor cells (iNPCs). The work suggests that targeting nuclear export could be a therapeutic option in ALS, and possibly also frontotemporal dementia (FTD), where C9ORF72 mutations also play a role.
Using single-cell RNA sequencing of deer antler at different stages of their annual cycle of regeneration, Chinese researchers have identified a progenitor cell population that drove antler regeneration. The authors of an accompanying editorial wrote the findings, which were published in the Feb. 24, 2023, issue of Science, “add to the emerging idea that blastema progenitor cells are a common stem cell type in mammalian appendage regeneration.”
In the larger picture, the fight against HIV has been a triumph of modern medicine. A patient diagnosed with HIV in the 1980s had a remaining life expectancy of 1 to 2 years. In 2023, they can expect to live another half century. But so far, an HIV vaccine has remained elusive. In the newest phase III failure, Janssen Pharmaceutical Cos. of Johnson and Johnson closed down its Mosaico trial more than a year ahead of schedule, following a data and safety monitoring board’s (DSMB) report saying the study was not expected to hit its primary endpoint.
