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Home » Authors » Mar de Miguel

Articles by Mar de Miguel

Neurology/Psychiatric

Transcriptomic atlas classifies 40 brain diseases

May 3, 2023
By Mar de Miguel
The map of the genetic activity of the risk genes that affect the central nervous system (CNS) reveals the molecular signatures associated with the neurological pathologies in this organ. A study by researchers at McGill University in Canada and the Allen Institute for Brain Science in Washington compared 40 brain diseases with this technology and classified them into five groups whose members shared the same transcriptional pattern.
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Neurology/Psychiatric

Deficient synaptic pruning could explain mental health disorders during adolescence

April 27, 2023
By Mar de Miguel
The brain is plastic throughout life, but never more so than from birth to young adulthood. It increases its volume by developing dendrites and axons that connect neurons in to each other, forming new pathways to process the information that it will store. Those connections require maintenance. And if a connection is unsuccessful, better to delete it than to keep it. This is known as synaptic pruning and occurs from childhood to the age of 20. Now, a group of scientists from the University of Cambridge and Fudan University has described a neuropsychopathological (NP) factor that explains why inappropriate pruning in adolescence is related to mental health disorders.
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Infection

Unique binding pocket is clue to develop inhibitors against Helicobacter pylori

April 26, 2023
By Mar de Miguel
A unique characteristic of Helicobacter pylori could serve to end infections of this gastric bacterium. A group of scientists from the University of Munich have found that this pathogen has a strategic point in its mitochondrial respiratory complex I that could be targeted with inhibitors. “We did not look for respiration inhibitors in the first place,” co-senior author Wolfgang Fischer told BioWorld. “We screened libraries with a reporter assay, looking for something different, a particular protein secretion, the secretion system type (T4SS). Then, we found that a lot of compounds inhibit this process. From these compounds, we came to the point that they are actually respiration inhibitors,” he explained.
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3D model of a protein molecule
Genetic/Congenital

Questions arise about nonsilent effect of synonymous mutations

April 25, 2023
By Mar de Miguel
Synonymous or silent mutations do not change the sequence of the protein that they encode. With some exceptions, they do not trigger any effect. Last year, however, a study by researchers from the University of Michigan tried to refute this concept after finding that they altered the protein function. But breaking dogmas can have answers. A group of scientists from various institutions has found that this work could have a method error.
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Microscopic image of nodes of Ranvier in the myelin sheath
Neurology/Psychiatric

Mature oligodendrocytes play minor role in remyelination

April 20, 2023
By Mar de Miguel
The loss of myelin in the cerebral cortex of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients could be recovered if oligodendrocytes, the cells that myelinate neuronal axons, work at a higher rate than they are destroyed. However, a group of scientists from the University of Munich have shown, in cortical MS mice, that this does not occur. The oligodendrocytes do not contribute to remyelination efficiently.
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Tau neuron illustration
Neurology/Psychiatric

Enzyme inhibitor reduces tau aggregates in Alzheimer’s models

April 18, 2023
By Mar de Miguel
The inhibition of an enzyme associated with neurodegeneration processes reduced the toxic effect of tau, one of the proteins that damage neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A group of scientists from the University of Helsinki have shown in vitro and in animal models of AD how inhibition of the prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) enzyme reduced tau protein aggregations.
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Neurology/Psychiatric

Obsessive-compulsive disorder-related proteins identified in astrocyte compartments

April 13, 2023
By Mar de Miguel
The analysis of thousands of proteins in the brain has revealed the association of astrocytes with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). A proteomic study by researchers from the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) has identified them in different cellular compartments of astrocytes and neurons. One such protein, the postsynaptic protein SAPAP3, appeared to regulate the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Its deficit in astrocytes could cause OCD.
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3D illustration showing tumor inside prostate gland and closeup view of cancer cells
Cancer

Androgen receptor, PSMA are not in lockstep in prostate cancer

April 12, 2023
By Mar de Miguel
As prostate cancer progresses, tumors lose the androgen receptor (AR) on which initial treatment is based. Oftentimes, such patients also lose expression prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which is the target of approved agent Pluvicto (lutetium (177Lu) vipivotide tetraxetan; Novartis AG) as well as a number of experimental drugs. Such patients can no longer benefit from either androgen- or PSMA-directed therapy.
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3D rendered illustration of a synapse cross-section
Neurology/Psychiatric

Reduced RNA editing reveals mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia

April 11, 2023
By Mar de Miguel
RNA editing in schizophrenia (SCZ)-associated genes was decreased in postmortem brains of individuals of European descent, according to a study from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). The scientists obtained the RNA editome from SCZ brains to detect the sequence changes in their RNA and observed hypoediting in noncoding regions related to mitochondrial function, such as the mitofusin-1 (MFN1) gene.
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Gene editing illustration

Base editing rescues spinal muscular atrophy in vivo

April 10, 2023
By Mar de Miguel
The editing in human cells and in mice of the survival motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1) restored the levels of SMN protein that the mutation of the SMN2 gene produces in spinal muscular atrophy. Scientists from the Broad Institute in Boston and The Ohio State University reversed the mutation using the base editing technique.
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